Understanding the role of gaze behaviour and coaching experience in the assessment of youth soccer teams.

This study aimed to explore the perceptual-cognitive characteristics of coaches as they assessed team performance in youth soccer. The primary focus was to investigate the alignment between coaches' subjective analyses of team behaviour and objective analyses, while also examining the relationship between coaches' gaze behaviour and their levels of coaching experience, particularly considering the potential differences that may exist among coaches with varying levels of experience. Sixty-five male and female adults with various soccer coaching experience (experienced, novice, other team sport experience, and non-team sport experience) watched five 4-minute videos and assessed team behaviour. These subjective evaluations were compared to objective data obtained from video analysis and GPS, which included measures of completed skills, spatiotemporal characteristics, and passing networks. The participants' fixation duration and frequency were measured for each video clip, and the area around the ball specifically. The study found no significant differences between groups regarding the number of times participants' subjective analysis aligned with the objective data (p = 0.059, ɳ2 = 0.07). However, coaches with soccer coaching experience demonstrated a higher fixation frequency and more revisits to the ball area when compared to participants without soccer experience (p = <.001, ɳ2 = 0.09). The current study offers a unique approach to uncovering soccer coaching expertise by combining objective and subjective evaluations of team performance. In summary, the study reveals that coaching experience did not impact how often coaches subjective analyses matched objective data. However, soccer coaches had distinctive gaze behaviour patterns where they revisited the area around the ball more often.

Coaches' perceptions of collective behaviour in soccer teams do not align with objective data, regardless of their level of coaching experience.Gaze behaviour differs between coaches with varying expertise levels.Both experienced and novice coaches visually revisit the area around the ball more often than non-coaches when assessing team performance.Quantitative data may provide an additional level of team analysis than subjective coach assessment alone.

Lenalidomide, rituximab (R2), and ixazomib for frontline treatment of high risk follicular and indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Lenalidomide and rituximab (R2) is an effective frontline treatment for patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL). We investigated the safety and efficacy of addition of the proteasome inhibitor ixazomib to R2 for treatment of iNHL through a phase I/II clinical trial for high-risk patients. Twenty patients were enrolled, 18 were treated. The target dose of ixazomib 4 mg weekly was achieved during dose escalation. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were low grade gastrointestinal, rash, neuropathy, and myalgia/arthralgia. There were 33% grade 2 and 17% grade 3 infections. With median follow-up of 5.2 years, four patients discontinued treatment due to lymphoma progression. Best overall response rate (ORR) was 61.2% [55.6% CR, 5.6% PR): 22.2% had stable disease and 16.7% had disease progression. Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression free and overall survival (OS) were 73% and 87% at 36 months, respectively. R2 can safely be combined with ixazomib for treatment-naïve iNHL patients.

Lessons Learned from a Citywide Abandoned Housing Experiment.

Problem research strategy and findings: The negative impact of vacant and abandoned housing in city neighborhoods is extreme, affecting health and quality of life, promoting violence, and leading to further abandonment. One approach to addressing abandoned housing is to intervene with low-cost interventions that provide a visual sense of ownership. We tested whether a low-cost remediation of abandoned and vacant houses or a trash cleanup intervention would make a noticeable difference in the levels of nearby disrepair, disorder, and public safety. The abandoned housing remediation and trash cleanup interventions were a test of compliance with municipal ordinances. We used an experimental design to test the causal effects of the ordinances, and because the scale of abandonment was too large to provide treatment to all abandoned houses in the city. We used systematic social observation methods to rate changes in disrepair, disorder, and litter at housing sites and on the city blocks they were located, and police reported data on gun violence and illegal substance uses. Our experimental design allowed us to see if observed disrepair, disorder, and public safety improved after working windows and doors were installed on abandoned houses compared with a trash cleanup around properties or a no-intervention control condition. Our results showed significant changes in observed disrepair, disorder, and gun violence and illustrate the benefits of experimental evaluations of place-based changes to the built environment. Takeaway for practice: Improving compliance with ordinances to remediate abandoned housing can make a noticeable difference in disrepair in neighborhoods and contribute improved public safety. We illustrate how planners can use field experiments in partnership with city agencies, nonprofit community groups, and local universities to discover novel approaches to advance place-based changes to the built environment that can help economically disadvantaged communities abate problems of physical disorder.

'Fragmented care': Asylum seekers' experience of accessing health care in NSW.

Medicare is central to accessing health care in Australia, yet many asylum seekers are ineligible for this scheme. In NSW, Medicare ineligible asylum seekers have some access to public health care under the Medicare Ineligible Asylum Seekers - Provision of Specified Public Health Services policy. This policy was updated in November 2020 to clarify services where a fee waiver applies for asylum seekers without Medicare. We examined the experiences of Medicare ineligible asylum seekers in accessing health care in New South Wales (NSW) in light of the revised policy. Employing qualitative methods, we conducted semi-structured interviews with asylum seekers (n = 7) and service providers (n = 6) in South Western Sydney. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis and the socio-ecological model was used to interpret the data. Participants identified that chronic and mental health conditions are the main health issues for asylum seekers. Factors across the four levels of the socio-ecological model were identified as influencing the health care of asylum seekers, including a lack of awareness about health care rights at the individual level, support from relatives and friends at the interpersonal level, providers' lack of awareness of fee waivers at the organizational level and limited access to primary health care at the policy level. The results imply that Medicare ineligible asylum seekers in NSW do not have optimal access to health care which may worsen existing health disparities. Educational initiatives that improve service providers' and asylum seekers' awareness of the revised policy are needed to improve asylum seeker health equity in NSW.

Development of Shortened miR-506-3p Mimics Exhibiting Strong Differentiation-Inducing Activity in Neuroblastoma Cells.

microRNA mimics are synthetic RNA molecules that imitate the mature miRNA duplexes and their functions. These mimics have shown promise in treating cancers. Nucleotide chemical modifications of microRNA mimics have been investigated and have improved the stability of miRNA mimics. However, the potential therapeutic benefit of mimic analogs based on sequence modifications has not been explored. miR-506-3p was identified as a differentiation-inducing microRNA in neuroblastoma cells, suggesting the potential of applying the miR-506-3p mimic in neuroblastoma differentiation therapy. In this study, we explored the possibility of developing shortened miR-506-3p analogs that can maintain differentiation-inducing activities comparable to the wild-type miR-506-3p mimic. We found that deleting up to two nucleotides at either the 3' end or within the middle region of the miR-506-3p sequence fully maintained the differentiation-inducing activity when compared to the wild-type mimic. Deleting up to four nucleotides from the 3' end or deleting three nucleotides in the middle positions diminished the differentiation-inducing activity, but the analogs still maintained differentiation-inducing activities that were significantly higher than the negative control oligo. The shortened analog designs potentially benefit patients from two perspectives: (1) the reduced cost of manufacturing shortened analogs, and (2) the reduced non-specific toxicity due to their smaller molecular sizes.

Mental Fatigue Impairs Tackling Technique in Amateur Rugby Union Players.

PURPOSE: To test the effects of mental fatigue (MF) on tackling technique on the dominant and nondominant shoulders in rugby union. METHODS: Twenty male amateur rugby union players and a total of 953 tackles were analyzed. A randomized crossover counterbalanced design was used across a non-MF (control) and an MF condition. During each condition, each player performed 24 tackles, divided into 4 sets of 6 tackles (3 tackles on each shoulder). In the MF condition, players performed the Stroop Task between each set of tackles. A video recording of each tackle was used to evaluate each player's technical proficiency. A score of 1 point was awarded if a specific technique was performed correctly, and 0 point was given if not. The total score, measured in arbitrary units (AU) out of 11, represents the player's overall tackling proficiency. RESULTS: Overall, players displayed a significantly lower technical proficiency score in the MF condition compared to control (set 2: control 7.30 [7.04-7.57] AU vs MF 6.91 [6.70-7.12] AU, P = .009, effect size (ES) = 0.30 small and set 3: control 7.34 [7.11-7.57] AU vs MF 6.88 [6.66-7.11] AU, P = .002, ES = 0.37 small). For the nondominant shoulder, players had a significantly lower technical proficiency score during the MF condition at set 2 (control 7.05 [6.68-7.41] AU vs MF 6.69 [6.42-6.96] AU, P = .047, ES = 0.29 small) and set 3 (control 7.14 [6.83-7.45] AU vs MF 6.61 [6.35-6.87] AU, P = .007, ES = 0.49 small). CONCLUSIONS: MF can diminish a player's overall tackling proficiency, especially when tackling on the nondominant shoulder. The physiological mechanism for this finding may be impaired executive function and suboptimal functioning of neural signals and pathways, which result in less skillful coordination of movement. To further understand and explain MF-induced physiological changes in tackling, the feasibility of monitoring brain activity (such as electroencephalogram) and neuromuscular function (such as electromyogram) needs to be investigated. The findings from this study may also contribute to the development of more effective tackle training programs for injury prevention and performance.

Blockade of CCR1 induces a phenotypic shift in macrophages and triggers a favorable antilymphoma activity.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) play an important role in tumor growth and progression. TAMs have been involved in producing immunosuppressive TME via various factors; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear in B-cell lymphoma, including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We identified that chemokine receptor-1 (CCR1) is highly expressed on monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (MΦ), and CCR1 pharmacological inhibition or CCR1 siRNA abolished lymphoma-mediated Mo/MΦ migration in a chemotaxis assay. The deficiency of host CCR1 (CCR1 KO) was associated with decreased infiltration of peritoneal-MΦ compared with WT-CCR1. Functional studies indicated that the genetic depletion of CCR1 or treatment inhibited protumor MΦ (M2-like) phenotype by decreasing CD206 and IL-10 expression. Moreover, CCR1 depletion reprogrammed MΦ toward an MHCII+/TNFα+ immunogenic phenotype. Mechanistically, protumor MΦ driven-IL-10 provides a positive feedback loop to tumor-CCL3 by regulating the CCL3 promoter via STAT1 signaling. Therapeutic in vivo targeting of CCR1 with CCR1 antagonist BX-471 significantly reduced FC-muMCL1 mouse tumors in the syngeneic MCL model by the depletion of M2-TAMs and increased infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Our study established that CCR1 exerts a pivotal role in macrophage programming, thus shaping protumor TME and lymphoma progression. CCR1 inhibition through CCR1 antagonists may be a promising therapeutic strategy to reprogram macrophages in lymphoma-TME and achieve better clinical outcomes in patients.

Follicular lymphoma: The long and winding road leading to your cure?

Follicular lymphoma, the most common indolent lymphoma, though highly responsive to therapy is coupled with multiple relapses for the majority of patients. Advances in biologic understanding of molecular events in lymphoma cells and the tumor microenvironment, along with novel cellular and targeted therapies, suggest this may soon change. Here we first review the development of the molecular concepts and classification of follicular lymphoma, along with therapeutic development of treatments based on chemotherapy plus monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20. We then focus on developments over the last decade in further defining follicular lymphoma pathophysiology, leading to targeted therapeutics, as well as novel immunotherapeutic strategies effective against B cell lymphomas including follicular, particularly patients with advanced stage disease. Additional alterations beyond the hallmark t(14;18) translocation are necessary for development of follicular lymphoma. Epigenetic mutations are almost universally identified in follicular lymphoma, most commonly involving histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D, the histone acetyltransferases, cAMP response element-binding protein binding protein (CREBBP) and E1A binding protein P300 (EP300) and the histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2). Mutations are also commonly identified in other proliferation/survival pathways such as B-cell receptor, RAS, mTOR and JAK-STAT pathways, as well as immune escape mutations. The host immune response plays a key role as well, based on studies correlating various immune cell subsets and gene expression signatures with outcomes. Over the last decade, many therapeutic options beyond the commonly used bendamustine-rituximab induction regimen have become available or are being investigated. We focus on these newer agents in the relapsed setting. New antibody-based agents include the naked CD19 directed antibody tafasitamab, the CD79b directed antibody drug conjugate (ADC) polatuzumab vedotin and the CD47 directed antibody magrolimab that targets macrophages rather than FL cells directly. Immune modulation by lenalidomide has moved to earlier lines of therapy and in combinations. Several small molecule inhibitors of proliferation signal pathways involving PI3kinase and BTK have activity against FL. Apoptotic pathway modulators also have activity. With increasing recognition of the high rate of epigenetic mutations in FL, HDAC inhibition has a role. More importantly, the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat is FDA approved for FL after 2 prior lines of therapy. The most exciting data currently involve immune attack against follicular lymphoma by chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CART) or bispecific antibody constructs. Given these multiple potentially non-crossreactive mechanisms, studies of rationally designed combination strategies hold the promise of improving outcomes and possibly cure of follicular lymphoma.

Conversion of Natural Narciclasine to Its C-1 and C-6 Derivatives and Their Antitumor Activity Evaluation: Some Unusual Chemistry of Narciclasine.

During the search for a general, efficient route toward the synthesis of C-1 analogues of narciclasine, natural narciclasine was protected and converted to its C-1 enol derivative using a novel semi-synthetic route. Attempted conversion of this material to its triflate in order to conduct cross-coupling at C-1 resulted in a triflate at C-6 that was successfully coupled with several functionalities. Four novel compounds were fully deprotected after seven steps and subjected to evaluation for cytotoxic activity against three cancer cell lines. Only one derivative showed moderate activity compared to that of narciclasine. Spectral and physical data are provided for all new compounds.

Design and Synthesis of C-1 Methoxycarbonyl Derivative of Narciclasine and Its Biological Activity.

A 15-step chemoenzymatic total synthesis of C-1 methoxycarbonyl narciclasine (10) was accomplished. The synthesis began with the toluene dioxygenase-mediated dihydroxylation of ortho-dibromobenzene to provide the corresponding cis-dihydrodiol (12) as a single enantiomer. Further key steps included a nitroso Diels-Alder reaction and an intramolecular Heck cyclization. The C-1 homolog 10 was tested and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against natural narciclasine (1) as the positive control. Experimental and spectral data are reported for all novel compounds.

Exploring the Use of Hospital and Community Mental Health Services Among Newly Resettled Refugees.

Importance: Resettled refugees in high-income countries represent a vulnerable population. It is known that refugees have high rates of trauma-related mental health issues; however, ad hoc research has generally revealed low rates of health services use among refugees. Such research usually samples a population at a single point in time and is based on targeted surveys. Because refugee populations change over time, such research becomes expensive and time-consuming for agencies interested in routinely publishing statistics of mental health services use among refugees. The linking of large administrative data sets to establish rates of use of mental health services among resettled refugees is a flexible and relatively inexpensive approach. Objective: To use data linkage to establish rates of mental health services use among resettled refugees relative to the general population. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study implemented data linkage from the Refugee Health Nurse Program for 10 050 refugees who resettled in Sydney, Australia, from October 23, 2012, to June 8, 2017, with data concerning use of community mental health services and mental health hospitalization from New South Wales Health databases. Data were analyzed between June 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures: Rates of service contacts with community mental health services among the resettled refugees were compared with those of the general population by age, sex, and the most common International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, diagnosis codes. Length of community mental health service sessions and rates of mental health hospitalizations were also compared. Results: Among the 255 resettled refugees who had contacts with community mental health care services and were not missing data (median age, 35 [range, 4-80] years; 117 [64%] male and 138 [54%] female), 153 (60%) were born in Iraq and 156 (61%) were Arabic speaking. This population was less likely to use mental health services than the general population and had shorter community mental health consultations. The rate of contacts with community mental health services for depressive disorders among the resettled refugee population was 40% (95% CI, 33%-46%) lower than that among the general population. Rates of same-day hospitalization per 10 000 person-years were not significantly different between the refugee population (4 [95% CI, 2-8]) and the general Australian population (7 [95% CI, 7-7]). However, the refugee population was 17% (95% CI, 6%-29%) more likely than the general Australian population to interact with the community mental health system for severe stress- and adjustment disorder-related diagnoses. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that refugees who have resettled in Australia tend to use fewer mental health services than the general population except for services devoted to stress- and adjustment disorder-related diagnoses. These findings also suggest that it is possible to successfully leverage data linkage to study patterns of mental health services use among resettled refugees.

"Lived the Pandemic Twice": A Scoping Review of the Unequal Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Asylum Seekers and Undocumented Migrants.

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic is widening pre-pandemic health, social, and economic inequalities between refugees, migrants, and asylum seekers and the general population. This global scoping review examined the impact of the pandemic on community-based asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in high- and upper-middle-income countries. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Central. We applied Katikireddi's framework of understanding and addressing inequalities to examine the differential impact of the pandemic across exposure, vulnerability to infection, disease consequences, social consequences, effectiveness of control measures, and adverse consequences of control measures. RESULTS: We included 32 articles in the review. The analysis showed that asylum seekers and undocumented migrants experienced greater exposure to the COVID-19 virus and higher infection rates. They also experienced differential social consequences in the form of job loss and lost and/or reduced work hours. The effectiveness of pandemic response measures on asylum seekers and undocumented migrants was also affected by pre-pandemic social and economic marginalisation, exclusion from pandemic-induced policy measures, lack of appropriate pandemic communication, and variable trust in governments and authority. Pandemic control measures had greater adverse consequences on asylum seekers and undocumented migrants than the general population, with the majority of studies included in this review reporting worsened mental health and social isolation conditions and reduced access to health care. CONCLUSIONS: Asylum seekers and undocumented migrants experienced a disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across the six thematic areas of comparison. Policies that reduce exposure and vulnerability to the infection, grant equitable access to health and social care, and build capacities and resilience, are critical to enable asylum seekers and undocumented migrants to cope with and recover from pre-pandemic and pandemic-induced inequalities.

Factors influencing refugees' willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccines in Greater Sydney: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: Achieving high vaccination coverage is a critical strategy to reducing the spread of COVID-19 infection. This study, undertaken before the Delta variant outbreak, aimed to understand potential drivers and barriers influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake for refugees. METHODS: Four focus group interviews were conducted with 37 refugees from four language groups (Arabic, Dari, Dinka and Karen). Data were analysed thematically. RESULTS: Willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccines was associated with participants' perceptions of disease severity, and benefits such as increased immunity against COVID-19 disease and prevention of the spread of the disease. Cues for increasing individual willingness to get vaccinated included obtaining information from trusted sources and community engagement. By contrast, information gaps on vaccines compounded by misinformation on social media contributed to a reluctance to be vaccinated. CONCLUSION: As this study was conducted before the Delta variant outbreak, participants' stance on COVID-19 vaccines may have changed. However, addressing vaccine literacy needs for this group remains an on-going priority. Health promotion initiatives must be tailored to the different socio-cultural contexts of each community. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH: Engagement with refugee populations is critical for optimising access and uptake of vaccines to protect health, prevent death and ensure that control of the pandemic is equitable. This may also provide valuable public health lessons for other marginalised populations.

Return to Play After Surgical Treatment of High-Grade Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries in the Australian Football League.

Background: Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries are the second most common upper limb injuries in the Australian Football League (AFL); however, there is little evidence on the return-to-sport results after surgical stabilization of the ACJ in this sporting population. Purpose: To investigate the return-to-sport time, on-field performance, and patient-reported outcomes in a series of professional AFL players after undergoing ACJ stabilization. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series of all AFL players who had undergone open twin-tailed dog-bone ACJ stabilization by a single surgeon between September 2013 and April 2017. Outcome measures included time to return to sport, on-field performance indicators (handballs, tackles, kicks, and AFL Fantasy and Supercoach scores), the Nottingham Clavicle Score, Oxford Shoulder Score, and the Specific Acromioclavicular Score. Patient-reported outcomes were evaluated at a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Results: Of 13 senior listed AFL players who underwent twin-tailed dog-bone surgery, 9 players were included. Mean follow-up was 24.8 months (range, 5-41 months) postoperatively. Mean return-to-sport time was 8.6 weeks for injuries that occurred within the season. The number of kicks, marks, handballs, and tackles as well as AFL Supercoach and Fantasy scores did not significantly change after surgery (P > .05). Outcome measures showed a high level of patient satisfaction after surgery, with a mean Nottingham Clavicle Score of 92.2, Oxford Shoulder Score of 47.7, and the Specific Acromioclavicular Score of 7.5. Conclusion: In a collective of professional AFL players with ACJ injury, our twin-tailed dog-bone technique revealed return to competitive play could be achieved at a mean of 8.6 weeks without compromising on-field performance or patient-reported pain, function, and satisfaction.

Collective behaviour in high and low-level youth soccer teams.

BACKGROUND: An expert/non-expert paradigm often helps understand the underpinnings of sports expertise; however, this method is scarcely extended to the complexities of collective behaviour in youth soccer. AIM: Therefore, the objectives of the current study are to investigate differences in the collective behaviour of youth soccer teams by expertise level. METHODOLOGY: Soccer players aged 15 to 20 years from high (n = 35) and low (n = 40) playing levels competed in two age-matched 5v5 small-sided games. For each game, teams' skill involvement (shot, pass, dribble, touch), passing networks (closeness, density, betweenness), and spatiotemporal characteristics (stretch index, effective area, length (L) & width (W), LpW ratio, synchrony) were measured using video footage and GPS coordinates. RESULTS: High level teams had more attempted (p = .009), and completed skills (p = .003), particularly for the number of passes (p = .001) and shots (p = .012-.045). However, there were no significant between-group differences for either the passing networks or spatiotemporal characteristics. CONCLUSION: The findings from the current research suggest that the high-level teams can quickly and effectively move the ball within existing team structures and may better optimise their afforded space to execute desired skills when compared to the low-level teams.

Understanding the Presence of Mental Fatigue in Elite Female Football.

Purpose: Previous research investigating the impact of induced mental fatigue in football (soccer) has demonstrated associated performance decrements in physical, technical, tactical and decision-making performance. A common limitation amongst this research is the protocols used to induce mental fatigue which provides low ecological validity, and the inclusion of recreational or sub-elite players. Therefore, understanding the presence of mental fatigue in elite football can provide insight into protocols with greater ecological validity. Methods: The current study used focus groups with 10 elite female football players, focusing on five topics (travel, fixture congestion, receiving tactical information, pre-match routine and pressure to win) related to the perceived causes of mental fatigue in elite football (directed by anecdotal quotes in elite football and research-based theories). Results: Several themes emerged from the data; travel fatigue, inability to switch off from football, fatigue experienced following team meetings, use of pre-match music and internal pressure to succeed. Conclusion: These findings present practical recommendations to reduce mental fatigue in elite football settings, such as considering the timing, content and duration of team meetings, providing players with free time/rest where possible, and considering the modality of coaching instructions during matches.

Twelve tips for engaging students and community partners in medical education.

There is increasing evidence on the positive outcomes of engaging students and community partners in medical education, especially in achieving social accountability. However, less is known about the steps through which these engagements are established. This paper outlines twelve tips on establishing a robust and enduring partnership with students and community partners in medical education, using examples from the Western Sydney University School of Medicine. While context is paramount in any engagement program, these tips are formulated to be transferable to medical education settings in different countries, education systems, and the broader context of health professional education.